采用垂直电场电泳分离脱盐技术模拟海水淡化的探索

Exploration of desalinating synthetic seawater through an electrophoresis technology featuring vertical electric field

由于受环境污染的影响,淡水资源的供给问题日趋严峻,供给方式的新技术探索是有效解决问题的重要途径,尤其是海水淡化的相关技术。利用实验室自制的垂直电场电泳装置,研究模拟海水的脱盐效果(以氯离子为研究对象)。考察了氯离子初始浓度、停留时间和电压3个因素分别对脱盐率、能量效率(单位电功能量的正极区迁移的氯离子质量)和分布比率的影响。出水分为4个区域,正极区、负极区、中间区和两极邻近区,其中中间区代表模拟海水淡化的目标收集区。结果表明,随着入水口处的氯离子初始浓度的增加,电泳装置出水口的中间区的脱盐率降低,能量效率逐渐升高,中间区、负极区和两极邻近区的分布比率增大,而正极区的分布比率减小。随着停留时间的增加,中间区脱盐率明显升高,高达69.5%,能量效率逐渐降低,中间区和负极区的分布比率减小,而正极区和两极邻近区的分布比率增加。随着电压升高,中间区的脱盐率逐渐升高,最高达13.9%,能量效率逐渐降低,正极区的分布比率逐渐增大,而负极区和两极邻近区的分布比率逐渐减小,中间区分布比率呈先上升后降低趋势。

Arising from more and more severe environmental pollutions,fresh water resources suffering from being lack of supply,becomes a problem.Exploration of new technologies is of importance to effectively solve this situation,in particular those for desalination of seawater.In this manuscript,a home-made electrophoresis apparatus of vertical electric field,was applied to investigate the desalinat-ing synthetic seawater,on basis of chlorine anion.Effect of initial concentration of chlorine anion,re-tention time and applied voltage on the desalination ratio,energy efficiency(mass of migrated chlorine anion at positive electrode region per electric power)and distribution ratio was investigated.The elec-trophoresis apparatus has four outlet regions of positive region,negative region,central region,and ad-jacent region between two electrodes,of which central region represents target collection region for desalinating synthetic seawater.It showed that with an increase in initial concentration of chloride ani-on at inlet,the desalination ratio at central region reduced and the energy efficiency gradually in-creased,and the distribution ratio at positive region decreased,but that at the rest three regions in-creased.When retention time increased,the desalination ratio at central region apparently increased up to 69.5%,the energy efficiency gradually reduced,the distribution ratio at central region and negative region decreased,but that of positive region and adjacent region between two electrodes increased.If the applied voltage increased,the desalination ratio at central region gradually increased up to 13.9%,the energy efficiency slowly reduced,the distribution ratio at positive region increased,that at negative region and adjacent region between two electrodes slightly decreased,and that at central region in-creased and decreased afterward.