热膨胀系数简易测量装置研制及若干材料测量

Development of simple thermal expansion coefficient measurement apparatus and its application to several materials

以液氮为冷源,研制了一套基于千分测微器的材料热膨胀系数简易测量装置,能够测量80~353K温区各类固体材料的热膨胀系数,可重复性高于99.3%,不确定度小于3.34%。通过将T1紫铜、6060铝、304不锈钢、尼龙、G10环氧树脂等典型材料热膨胀系数测量数据与文献数据比较,发现两者最大相对偏差小于6.0%,80~353K温区的平均偏差约为3.1%。在此基础上,测量并获得了高低温热环境工程等应用场合常用到的其他一些材料如殷钢、6262铝、316不锈钢、45钢、聚四氟乙烯、ABS塑料等的热膨胀系数数据。

With liquid nitrogen as coolant,a simple thermal expansion coefficient measurement apparatus for solid materials was developed based on a micrometer.It can be applied in the temperature range from 80 K to 353 K.The thermal expansion coefficient of serval typical materials such as copper T1,aluminum 6060,stainless steel 304,nylon and epoxy G10 were measured and compared with literature data.The repeatability and relative uncertainty of the present data were found to be higher than 99.3% and less than 3.34%,respectively.The maximum relative deviation and the mean deviation between the measuring data and literature data were less than 6.0% and 3.1% respectively in the temperature range from 80 K to 353 K.Based on the verification,the expansion coefficient of some other materials widely applied in high/low temperature environment engineering such as invar,aluminum 6062,stainless steel 31 6,carbon steel 45, Teflon and ABS plastics were also measured.