相变蓄热材料在节能建筑领域的应用与研究进展

Progress on application and research of PCHSM in energy-saving building

相变蓄热材料是一种能够储存热能的新型化学材料,通过在特定温度下吸收或放出热量发生物相变化,实现热量的储存与释放。根据化学成分不同将相变蓄热材料分为无机、有机和复合类相变材料,由于存储密度高、热容大和热稳定性较好等优点,相变蓄热材料已在一定范围内应用于建筑节能领域。介绍了相变材料的种类、特性以及蓄能机理,分类归纳了相变蓄热材料在建筑物围护结构和建筑物中制冷供暖系统中的应用,包括蓄能墙体、蓄能地板、蓄能屋顶、相变蓄热集热器、相变热泵供暖系统、相变制冷系统、相变冷却吊顶等。并结合目前研究现状分析了相变蓄热材料在研制和应用过程中存在的一些问题,最后,展望了相变蓄热材料在建筑领域的发展方向和应用前景。

The phase change heat storage material(PCHSM)is a new kind of chemical material that can store heat energy.By absorbing or releasing the heat of the physical phase at a specific temperature,the heat storage and release can be realized.According to different chemical compositions,PCHSM are classified into inorganic,organic and composite phase change materials.Due to high storage density,large heat capacity,and good thermal stability,it has been used in the field of energy saving in a certain range.The types,characteristics and energy storage mechanism of phase change materials were introduced.And the application of PCHSM in building enclosure structures and building refrigeration heating systems were classified and summarized,including energy storage walls,energy storage floors,energy storage roofs,phase change thermal storage collectors,phase change heat pump heating systems,phase change refrigeration systems,phase change cooling ceilings,etc.Combining with the current research status,some problems in the development and application of PCHSM were analyzed.Finally,the development direction and application prospects of PCHSM in the construction field were prospected.