疍民水文化水风俗研究——以中山神湾疍民生活为例

Study on Water Culture and Water Custom of Tanka——Taking Tanka’s Life of Shenwan Town,Zhongshan City as Main Object

疍民逐水而居,以船为家,亲水敬水,水深刻影响着疍民习俗、生产生活各个方面。广东省中山市磨刀门水道旁神湾镇一带疍民的文化、风俗与水密切联系,感情深厚。尽管现在许多已经上岸,但语言和生活习惯中许多还保留传统的习惯。他们的人生礼俗(如出生、婚俗等)、节日风俗(如春节、二月二、端午、七夕、七月七等)、生活民俗(如水、船艇、饮食等禁忌)、信仰祭祀(如观音、船头公、渡头神等),许多贯穿着水文化的特色,既有疍民文化共性,也有自己的地方性特点。

Tanka used to live on the coastal areas and rivers with boats as their houses.They love and respect water.Water plays an important role in their lives.There is a close relationship between water and Tanka people in Shenwan Town,Zhongshan City,Guangdong Province,along the Modaomen Watercourse,which shows the features of Tanka Culture well.Although most of them have moved to the land,they still keep many traditional customs as before.Their customs of life,holidays,living and worship reflect the characters of water culture and some local characters.