韩国集权体制的转型及其条件探析

Probing on the Transition of Centralized System of South Korea and Its Conditions

民主化之前的韩国集权体制是"行政上位的行政与政治一体化"体制,这实际上是以作为行政首脑的总统控制执政党,由此再进一步控制国会及整个政治领域,同时给官僚制提供充分支持的体制。当集权体制把民众排除在体制之外且本身又严重缺乏合法性基础时,反对党和在野政治家积极活动起来并能够得到民众的普遍支持。由于体制外和国际环境的压力越来越大,使得当局难以做出武力镇压的决定。这一切促成了韩国和平而又妥协方式的体制转型。

Before process of transition to democracy,the centralized system of South Korea was a system of'executive supremacy and political integration',in which the president,as the executive head,controlled the governing party,and further controlled the congress and the whole political system that provided full support for bureaucracy.Because this centralized system kept general public outside the political system,and seriously lacked basis of legitimacy, the opposition parties and those politicians not in power took vigorous actions supported by general public.Due to more and more pressure from outside the system and the international community,the authorities felt it hard to make military crackdown.All these conditions promoted the transition of political system in South Korea in a peaceful and compromising way.