“丁卯之役”的交涉及战后金鲜的矛盾冲突探析

Probing on Truce Negotiation after"First Manchu-Korea War" and Conflict between Manchu Conquerors and Korea after This War

1627年,后金汗皇太极发动了针对明朝藩属国朝鲜的军事征服战争,史称"丁卯之役"。议和过程中,朝鲜与后金存有颇多争议,经过一番交涉,双方签订了系列条约,结成名义上的"兄弟关系"。本文指出,这并非真正意义上的政治平等关系,故战后双方围绕明朝驻军、明朝地位、逃人问题、边界冲突、互市贸易、贡物缴纳等问题矛盾重重,"兄弟关系"并不和睦。正是由于双方在这些问题上的摩擦与争端,导致1636年皇太极清政权对朝鲜再次发动入侵战争("丙子之役"),使清朝与朝鲜之间的宗藩关系正式以法律的形式确定下来。

In the year 1627,Huang Taiji,the monarch of the Jin State established by Manchu conquerors,launched a military aggression and conquest on Korea,the vassal state of Chinese Ming Dynasty,which is called'First Manchu-Korea War'in history. During the truce negotiation after this war,many disputes and quarrels appeared between Korean state officials and Manchu conquerors' court.A series of treaties were finally signed,and the nominal relation of'brotherhood'was established,after a long process of tough mediation and negotiation.However,the author points out that such nominal'brotherhood'relation was by no means a real political equality,so waves after waves of conflicts and skirmishes between Manchu conquerors and Korean state happened on such issues as Ming Dynasty's garrison in Korea,status of Ming Dynasty,problem of Chinese civilians fleeing from slavery under Manchu conquerors and seeking refuge in Korea,border conflicts,mutual trade,and payment of tribute to Manchu conquerors from Korean state.Briefly speaking, this so-called'brotherhood'was a false and inharmonious relation. The author maintains that it is the conflicts and skirmishes between Korean state and Manchu conquerors on these issues that led to the second war of aggression and conquest on Korean state,which was again launched by Huang Taiji,in 1636,when the title of Manchu conquerors' state had been converted from Jin State to Qing Dynasty. This second war shaped and fixed the relation of suzerain and vassal between Qing Dynasty and Korean state in the form of law.