论同春堂的四端七情说

Tong Chuntang's Theory on "Four Origins and Seven Emotions"

"四端七情"之辩是朝鲜朝性理学的中心论题之一,它所关注的四七理气之"发"和性情之辩等问题,在朱子学乃至在新儒学中皆具有重要理论意义。同春堂四端七情理论的主要特色在于,其对退溪与栗谷四七说之异同的详细论述。同春堂在指出退溪说的错误的同时,对栗谷的"气发而理乘之"说表现出相当的推崇。尽管他在理气概念的界定和理气关系的理解上有折中退溪与栗谷的倾向,但是从他的四七理气论中还是可以看出其作为主气论学者的为学性格。本文拟以朱熹、栗谷与宋浚吉(1606—1672,字明甫,号同春堂)思想比较的视角,对其四七说进行简要论述。

The debate on'Four Origins and Seven Emotions'was the core issue for discussion in the Korean Rational Confucianism on Human Nature.This issue concerns such problems as the emerging of the operational principles and atmosphere of the so-called'Four Origins and Seven Emotions',and the debates on human natures and emotions,which took a significant position and offered important theoretical implications in the school of Zhu Xi's thought and even new Confucianism.The major characteristic of the'Four Origins and Seven Emotions'theory of Tong Chunatang can be found in the detailed description and illustration on common points of and differences between Yi Hwang's theory and Yi I's theory on the issue of'Four Origins and Seven Emotions'.Tong Chuntang pointed out the mistakes in Yi Hwang's theory,and highly admired the opinion raised by Yi I that'atmosphere emerges and then operational principles follow'.Although Tong Chuntang seemed to have an intent to make mediation and compromise on Yi Hwang' theory and Yi I's theory over the definition on concepts of operational principle and atmosphere,and over perception of relation between operational principles and atmosphere,his clear-cut academic character as a supporter on'atmosphere-focused'theory can be clearly observed and felt in his theory over operational principles and atmosphere in'Four Origins and Seven Emotions'.The author tries to make a brief narration on Tong Chuntang's theory of'Four Origins and Seven Emotions'from the perspective of comparative studies on the theories of Zhu Xi,Yi I and Song Junji(1606—1672,whose literal graceful name is Mingfu,and whose literal graceful title is Tong Chuntang).