从“中共”到“中国”:韩国民众对华认识的舆论调查实证分析

From the “Communist Party of China” to the “People’s Republic of China”: An Empirical Analysis of Opinion Surveys on the Public Perception of China in South Korea

本文以韩国首尔大学1988年《转型期的韩国社会:国民意识调查》为基础,重点考察中韩建交前的一段时间内(1986~1990),韩国民众对中国以及中韩关系的认知及变化。研究发现,在国际紧张局势趋缓的情况下,在中国的改革开放及韩国的北方政策促进实施的背景下,中韩建交前韩国民众对华认识从敌对逐渐转变为探索性接触,并最终产生好感。深入来看,韩国民众内部不同群体对中国的认知及好感度存在差别,年龄越大的群体对中国好感度越低,受教育程度越高的群体对中国好感度越高。另外,'中共'的这一称呼本质上反映了'反共冷战型'思维,并且这一认知至今仍对韩国认识和理解中国以及中韩关系的发展产生重要影响。

This article focuses on the opinion surveys inThe Korean Society in Transition: An Investigation of the National Awareness in 1988 by Social Sciences Institute at Seoul National University. It mainly examines the period( 1986-1990) prior to the establishment of formal Sino-ROK diplomatic relations,during which the Korean public experienced changes in their perception of China. Our study reveals that when the tensions were eased in the international environment,as well as with China’s reform and opening-up and the implementation of SouthKorea’s northern policy,the public perception of China in South Korea shifted from a hostile attitude towards a cautious,exploratory approach,until finally it changed into a friendly feeling towards China. At a deeper level,there existed differences among various social groups in South Korea in terms of their perception of China. The more elderly tended to have a lower opinion of China,while the better educated a higher one. Apart of that,as a term,the"Communist Party of China"reflected a Cold War mentality,which has cast profound,lasting influences on the public perception and understanding of China,as well as on the bilateral relations,even until today.