过量开采地下水的农业增产方式亟待调整

Stop Over-exploitation of Ground Water as the Mode of Increase in Agricultural Output

根据笔者组织的问卷调查,自1976到2008年河南地下水位稳定下降。平原和山丘区地下水埋深分别从1976年的14.7米和34.9米增加到2008年的19.7米和59.9米。农业灌溉占地下水取水量的50%左右,因此,农业灌溉是地下水下降的重要原因。地下水是有限的,长期超量开采就有使地下水趋于枯竭的危险;随着地下水位的下降,抽取地下水的成本将持续上升;地下水位下降严重的地区可能导致地面沉降等严重的水文地质灾害。导致地下水持续下降的原因是多方面的,但公地悲剧是最重要的制度层面上的原因。建议引入地下水开采行政控制和按量收费的取水政策。

Based on the survey organized by the authors,from 1976 to 2008 the ground water level in Henan declined stably.In terms of the distance from the ground water level to the ground surface,the distance is 14.7m in 1976 while 19.7m in 2008 in the plain area;the distance is 34.9m in 1976 while 59.9m in 2008 in the mountainous area.Agricultural irrigation accounts for 50 percent of the ground water usage,and therefore is the major reason for the decline of the ground water level.The ground water is limited,and there is a risk of using up the ground water.With the decline of the ground water level,the costs of extracting the ground water will increase.And a severe decline of the ground water level may even cause severe geologic damages.There are quite a few reasons causing the decline of the ground water level,among which the trategy of common land is the key.It is suggested that certain measures of technique and public administration should be taken.Basically,the use of ground water should be charged.