欠发达地区农户收入地理影响的村域尺度分析

Geography and rural household income:a Village Level Study in less developed area,China

文章从农户要素禀赋、农户经营结构和农户所处地理要素三个层面建立农户收入模型。利用分位数回归估计方法,分析了不同分位数上各种影响因素对农户收入作用的强度。基于回归结果发现,各因素对不同收入水平农户的影响强度存在差异。在资本要素层面上,物质资本和人力资本对农户收入都有显著的增加效应,但对高收入农户的收入增加效应更强。在经营结构层面上,通过兼业、务工等非农活动获得的工资性收入是农户收入的主要来源。而以上社会经济因素对农户收入的影响由于地理因素的影响而在村域之间存在差异。具体表现在:①经济区位、地理临近性等地理因素使得农户兼业、务工等非农业活动存在村域差异,从而间接导致农户收入的村域差异;②地形、耕地资源等传统地理因素对农户收入的直接影响处于下降趋势。因此,随着农村经济的发展,地理因素仍然对农户收入产生显著的影响,但各地理影响因素对农户收入的重要程度和影响方式发生了变化。

This study uses the data from a sample survey conducted in April 2007 on 1251 rural households living in 11 villages of Henan,the largest less developed agricultural province in China,to examine how geography plays in determining rural household income.Quantitative analysis indicates that,firstly,the significance of the traditional geographical factors such as arable land reduces as rural household income rank increases.Secondly,Landform does not affect the rural household income significantly.The average income per capita of rural household on plain area is lower than that of rural household on mountainous area.Thirdly,capital endowment(including human capital,physical capital,social capital)and non-farm activity contribute to increasing rural household income too.The higher rural households income level is,the more the significance of these factors are.But the quantity of these factors is different among villages.The probability and intensity of non-farm activity of rural households in outskirts villages are higher than that of rural households in out-of-the-way villages.Based on the results,the study further concludes that geography still plays a significant role in rural development,but the role of geographical factors is changing over time.Landform and other agricultural resources significantly affect rural household with the relatively lower income level,while the geographical location shows more significant impact on t rural household with the relatively high income level.That is to say,along with economic development,the proximity replaces the traditional geographical factors such as landform and physical resources as the major determining factor in rural household income.