西周早期铜器墓的分类与族属——兼论“分器”现象

Early western Zhou dynasty’s bronzetombs’ classification and nationality belonging——and discuss“instrument”phenomenon

通过对西周早期铜器墓葬内涵的分析,本文认为可以分为三大类:商制墓、周制墓、土著墓。分类的依据是在西周早期有明显的两大族群:殷遗贵族与周系贵族,还有一些不属于殷遗贵族也不属于周系贵族的土著贵族。并提出推断西周早期墓葬族属的五点意见。第一,要注意与研究对象相邻的其他墓葬的文化属性。第二,腰坑与殉犬是我们推定墓葬族属的首选指标。第三,商制墓与周制墓的陶器组合不同。第四,商制墓与周制墓的青铜器组合不同。第五,使用日名、族徽来区分墓葬的族属。

Through an analysis of the contents of the early bronze tombs in the Western Zhou Dynasty,this article argues that bronze tombs can be divided into three categories:the tombs of Shang system,the tombs of the Zhou system and the tombs of aborigines.Classification is based on two distinct ethnic groups in the early Western Zhou Dynasty:the remaining aristocrat of the Yin and the aristocrat of the Zhou.There were also some nobilities that belongs to neither Yin nor Zhou aristocracy.Besides I proposed five points of view about inferring the ethnic belongingness of tombs in the early Western Zhou Dynasty.First,pay attention to the cultural properties of other tombs adjacent to the study object.Second,the waist pit and the martyrdom are the first criterion for us to classifying the tombs.Third,the arrangement of potteries in the tombs of Shang and Zhou are different.Fourth,the arrangement of bronzes in the tombs of Shang and Zhou are different.Fifth,infer the ethnic belongingness of tombs with the help of heavenly stem names and clan badge.