科学研究的社会实践转向:贝尔纳科学学的当代解读

The Social Practice Turn of Science Study:Contemporary Understanding of Bernal's Science of Science

面对科学在战争中的非理性应用,贝尔纳在深刻理解马克思实践概念的基础上,反叛脱离社会实践的科学哲学传统,关注作为社会实践的科学,展开对科学全方位的社会研究。传统科学哲学大多时候关注的仅仅是科学的最终产物,也就是关注作为知识的科学。这种知识论科学哲学遗忘了生活世界,它描绘的是科学世界观。贝尔纳在社会实践中历史地、具体地、开放地、涉及终极关怀地看待科学究竟是什么,开辟了科学研究的社会实践转向。贝尔纳的科学学几乎可以说是从实践中具体的问题而来,最终又回到实践中去解决现实问题的典范。从关注作为知识的科学到关注作为社会实践的科学,恰好是回归生活世界哲学视野转换的一条路径。

Faced with the irrational application of science in the war and based on the deep understanding of Marx's concept of practice,Benal rebels the practice of traditional philosophy of science,concentrates on a social practice of science and develops a full range of social studies of science. The traditional western philosophical science theory focuses on the effort of science and the knowledge of science. Such theory ignores the reality of life and depicts the outlook of science. Bernal's social practice centers on the basis of science with details and open-minded ideas and history,which initiates the social practice turn of science study. Bernal's research theory originates from practical issues and finally returns to dealing with real problems. In summary, concentrating on knowledge of science and turning to the social practice of science is the research path of returning to life-world-philosophy angle.