论《看不见的人》中主/客体的相互凝视与身份建构

Gaze at the Other and Identity Construction in Invisible Man

通过对主人公与美国白人之间看与被看行为的描写,《看不见的人》揭示了种族主义和殖民主义对美国黑人身份和意识形态的限制。本文以萨特和拉康为代表的视觉理论为基础,结合法农对于种族与黑人身体的后殖民论述,解读小说中作为文化主体的白人群体与作为文化他者的黑人群体间的视线交流,分析在各自目光中被异化的黑/白人形象,从而揭示被种族化的人类整体共同面临的身份危机。

Through the description of complicated visual relations between the anonymous protagonist and the American white, Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man displays the restriction on both the identity and ideology of the black due to racial prejudice and colonialism. Based on the gaze theory proposed by Sartre and Lacan and Fanon's postcolonial analysis of race and the blackness,this paper explores how the images,as well as the identity,of both the whites as the subject and the blacks as the Other,are distorted and re-constructed in their gaze at the other and themselves,further revealing the identity crisis of the racialized human being as a whole.