近代湖南的人才群体现象及其原因

On the Phenomenon of Elite Groups in Modern Hunan Province

近代湖南从鸦片战争到中华人民共和国成立先后产生了五大人才群体:一是清嘉、道年间以陶澍、贺长龄、魏源为代表的地主阶级经世派人才群体;二是清咸、同年间以曾国藩、左宗棠、郭嵩焘为代表的湘军人才群体;三是清光绪年间以谭嗣同、唐才常、熊希龄为代表的资产阶级维新派人才群体;四是清光绪末年到民国初年以黄兴、宋教仁、蔡锷为代表的资产阶级革命派人才群体;五是"五四"运动之后以毛泽东、蔡和森、刘少奇、彭德怀、贺龙为代表的无产阶级革命派人才群体。近代湖南之所以能够产生如此一批又一批杰出人才,原因有四:一是特定的地域环境,为近代湖南人才的兴起创造了客观条件;二是湖湘文化的历史传承、氤氲相继,为近代湖南人才的兴起提供了思想基础和精神养料;三是特殊的历史条件与动荡的社会局势,为近代湖南人才的兴起提供了机遇;四是湘籍人才之间的相互帮带、扶植和举荐形成人才链,是造成近代湖南人才群体出现的重要手段。

From the Opium War to the founding of the People's Republican of China,five large pelite groups emerged successively in modern Hunan:the Jingshi group of the landlord class represented by Tao Shu,He Changling and Wei yuan,the Xiang Army group represented by Zeng Guofan,Zuo Zongtang and Guo Songtao,the reforming group of the bourgeoisie represented by Tan Sitong,Tang Caichang and Xiong Xiling,the revolutionary group of the capitalist class represented by Huang Xing,Song Jiaoren and Cai E,the revolutionary group of the proletariat represented by Mao Zedong,Cai Hesen,Liu Shaoqi,Peng Dehuai and Helong after the May 4th Movement.There are four reasons why Hunan produced so many groups of outstanding talents:the special geographical sorrounding created the objective condition;the inheritance of the HuXiang culture provided the ideological foundation spiritual nutrition;the special historical condition and the turbulent social situation offered opportunities;helping,fostering and recommending among Xiang elite which formed elite chains was the important method resulting in the rising of the Hunan personnel.Key wrods:modern Hunan;elite group;the HuXiang culture