包头市环境空气中PM_(2.5)源解析研究

SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF PM_(2.5) IN AMBIENT AIR OF BAOTOU

为了对包头市环境空气中PM2.5来源进行解析,在包百大楼设立采样点,于2011年9月—2012年6月利用TH-150C智能中流量(TSP)采样器与PM10-5-2.5大气可吸入颗粒物切割器,采集细颗粒物的重量,利用测量前后滤膜的重量差和通入气体流量体积的比值得出PM2.5的质量浓度。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定PM2.5中无机元素的含量;2001A型有机碳/元素碳(OC/EC)分析仪,测定PM2.5中碳组分的含量;采用DionexIC-2500型离子色谱仪测定无机离子的含量,最后利用富集因子法对PM2.5进行源解析。研究结果表明:包头市环境空气中PM2.5的质量浓度随时间变化,特征为秋冬季明显高于春夏季,主要原因是进入10月份包头市开始采暖,燃煤的大量增加导致PM2.5的质量浓度的升高,同时源解析结果表明其主要来源为燃煤、汽车尾气的排放、金属冶炼、生物质的燃烧(垃圾焚烧)和土壤尘(包括建筑和道路扬尘等)。

In order to analyze the source apportionment of PM2. 5in ambient air of Baotou,the sampling points were set at the Baotou City Department Store,sampling time was in 2011. 9—2012. 6; and TH-150C sampler and PM10- 5- 2. 5 inhalable particulate matter cutter were used to capture the weight of fine particulate matter. The difference of membrane weight before and after measurement and the gas flow volume ratio were used to get the PM2. 5mass concentration. IMS was used to determine the content of inorganic elements of PM2. 5; OC/EC analyzer was used to determine carbon components of PM2. 5; Dionex1C-2500 ion chromatograph was used to determine the content of inorganic ion of PM2. 5. Finally,the enrichment factor method was adopted to analyze source apportionment for PM2. 5. The result shows that PM2. 5mass concentration changes over time, which is characterized by significant higher value in autumn and winter than that in spring and summer. The main reason is that in October in Baotou City coal-fired heating begins,which leads to a substantial increase in the PM2. 5mass concentration. The analytic results also show that the main sources of PM2. 5are coal-firing vehicle exhaust emissions,metal smelting,waste incineration and soil dust( including construction and road dust,etc.).