我国企业排污状况自行监测的现状、问题及对策

THE CURRENT SITUATION,PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF ENTERPRISES POLLUTION SELF-MONITORING IN CHINA

结合对我国企业排污状况自行监测现状调查,以及国外企业自行监测的发展历程分析,对我国企业当前自行监测工作现状、存在问题及原因进行了深入分析。目前,我国重点企业中约有67%的企业开展了自行监测,尚有33%的企业没有开展自行监测;开展自行监测的企业中,80%的企业采用自动监测方式,20%的采用手工监测方式;不同类别的企业中,污水处理厂自行监测开展率最高,达96%;从区域分布上分析,东、中、西部地区自行监测开展率分别为72%、62%、64%;从行业类别上分析,纺织、化工行业自行监测开展率较高,达到了80%以上。当前,我国企业自行监测工作还存在着企业自身积极性不高、自行监测行为不规范等问题,因此,必须尽快完善相关法律法规、积极培育监测市场、加强对企业自行监测行为的业务指导,以规范自行监测行为,全面推进环境信息公开。

According to the investigation on current situation of enterprises pollution sources self-monitoring in China,and its development history abroad,current status,problems and their reasons are concluded. At present,approximately 67% of the key enterprises have carried out self-monitoring,while 33% of the key enterprises haven't. In the enterprises which carry out self-monitoring,80% adopted automatic monitoring,and 20% adopted manual monitoring. For different fields,sewage treatment plants have the highest self-monitoring rate( 96%). For different regions,the self-monitoring rates of East China, Central China,and West China are 72%,62%,and 64% respectively. For different categories,textile and chemical industry has a high self-monitoring rate( 80%). Currently,there are still some problems in pollution source self-monitoring in China, such as lack of enthusiasm,irregular monitoring operations and so on. Consequently,it is necessary to revise the relevant laws,cultivate the monitoring market,and strengthen the guiding to enterprises on self-monitoring as early as possible,which helps to regulate the enterprises to monitor the pollutant itself and promote the disclosure of environmental information.