热区高效石油降解菌降解性能的研究

DEGRADATION PERFORMANCES AND SCREENING OF HIGHLY EFFICIENT PETROLEUM DEGRADING BACTERIA

通过降解成分的差异性筛选混合菌,并分析混合菌对石油的降解效率及性能。以原油、正十六烷和多环芳烃(萘、菲、蒽、芘按10∶1∶1∶1混合)为碳源,从海口近海岸表层(10~20 cm)沉积物中分离纯化出4株降解效率较高的菌种,经染色镜检和分子生物学鉴定,分别是曲霉属(Aspergillus)、希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和毕赤酵母属(Pichia)。结果表明:4种菌等比例混合构建的混合菌在第9天的原油最大降解效率(89.80%)高于单菌株曲霉属(48.24%)。分离得到的菌株具有降解多种石油成分的能力,混合菌中真菌与细菌可能存在协同作用。

By screening the mixed bacteria through the difference of degradation compounds,degradation efficiency of petroleum and performances were studied. Four highly efficient petroleum degrading bacteria which were isolated and purified from surface sediments( 10 ~ 20 cm) near the coast of Haikou with crude oil,n-hexadecane and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons( including naphthalene,phenanthrene,anthracene,pyrene by 10 ∶ 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1 mixture) as the sole carbon source respectively,identified as Aspergillus,Shewanella,Bacillus and Pichia based on their staining microscopes and molecular biology identifications. The results showed that the ninth day of the maximum removal efficiency of crude oil by the four mixed bacteria( 89. 80%) at an equal ratio was higher than the single strain( 48. 24%) of the genus Aspergillus. It was also showed that the isolated strains had the ability to degrade various oil compositions,there may exist a synergistic effect between fungi and bacteria.