新疆准东煤田五彩湾露天矿区土壤重金属污染评估与分析

ASSESSMENT OF SOIL HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN AREA OF XINGJIANG ZHUNDONG WUCAIWAN SURFACE COAL MINE

以新疆准东煤田五彩湾露天矿区为研究靶区,在研究区内的不同位置和不同深度处进行取样,测量土壤中重金属Zn、Cu、Ni和Cr的含量,同时利用GIS技术生成4种重金属含量的空间分布图。首先分析了区域内4种重金属含量的空间特征以及距矿区不同距离和不同高程处重金属含量特征,最后进行重金属污染因子分析。结论为:区域内土壤中Cr污染最为严重,其次为Zn、Ni和Cu;距离矿区不同距离和不同高程处重金属的含量存在差异,其中Cu的含量随距离和高程的变化不大;Ni的含量随距离的增加而略微增大,且含量与高程呈显著负相关;Zn的含量随距离变化波动较大,与高程呈极显著正相关;Cr的含量随距离增加呈现明显降低趋势,并且其含量随高程变化波动较大;Cu和Ni主要来源于土壤母质,Zn的来源比较复杂,自然因素对其贡献较大,煤矿开采对Zn含量的影响较小,Cr主要受煤矿开采时煤尘和人为因素的影响。

The area of Xinjiang Zhundong Wucaiwan surface coal mine was selected as the target region samples in different locations and depth were Chosen and the amounts of Zn,Cu,Ni and Cr in soil were measure. At the same time,the spatial distribution maps of each heavy metal amount based on Geographic Information System were drawn. The spatial characteristics of each heavy metal amount were analysed and the characteristics of each heavy metal amount from different distance to mining area and different elevation were studied. Then the pollution factors of each heavy metal were also disscused. It was indicated that the pollution of chromium in study area soil was the most serious,followed by Zn,Ni and Cu. The amount of different heavy metal from different distance to mining area and different elevation was various. The amount of Cu was almost the same for different distance and elevation. The amount of Ni increased slightly with the distance increasing and had significant negative correlation with elevation. The amount of Zn fluctuated greatly with the distance change and had significant positive correlation with elevation. The amount of Cr decreased significantly with the distance to mining area increasing and fluctuated greatly with the elevation change. The pollution of Cu and Ni came mainly from soil parent material,and the source of Zn were relatively complex. The nature factors influenced greatly but that of coal mining was slight,the pollution factors of Cr mainly came from coal dust and human activities.