辽河流域制药行业重点污染河段特征污染物鉴别

IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN WATERBODY HIGHLY POLLUTED BY PHARMACEUTICAL WASTEWATER IN LIAOHE WATERSHED

根据制药行业污染源普查数据,确定了沈阳市细河和蒲河是辽河流域制药行业重点排污河段,细河分别受纳了制药行业废水、COD和氨氮总排放量的71%、56%和63%。通过气相色谱-质谱联用检测技术,对仙女河综合污水处理厂的出水、细河和蒲河水样进行定性分析,结果表明:在污水处理厂出水中检出有机污染物共63种,其归类为烷烯炔烃、单环芳香族、羧酸或脂、酮醛醚、杂环、醇、胺及酰胺类;在河流中,除了部分中国或美国的优先控制污染物被检出外,细河中来自于制药企业废水排放有机物污染较为严重,蒲河中农药或除草剂也不能忽略;在检出的有机污染物中,来自于制药企业废水排放的典型污染物有金刚烷类、胆甾类、喹啉类、其他含氮杂环类、茚酮类和含芳香环类。

Based upon the statistic data of national general survey of pollution sources,Xihe River and Puhe River in Shenyang City were identified as the waterbodies that received discharge from pharmaceutical industries in the Liaohe River Basin,where Xihe River received 71%,56% and 63% of total discharged wastewater,COD and NH3-N,respectively.The SPE-GC-MS technique was applied for the qualitative determination of organic pollutants in effluents from the Fairy River Sewage Treatment Plant and also from different sampling sites of Xihe River and Puhe River.The results showed that 63 organic pollutants were identified in the effluent,which were classified as the types of alkane-olefin-alkyne,single-ring aromatic,carboxylic acid or ester,ether-ketone-aldehyde,heterocycles,alcohol,amines or amides.There were several toxic pollutants in both Xihe and Puhe rivers,which have been in both US EPA and Chinese priority pollutant list.Additionally,the majority of organic pollutants in Xihe River was derived from the discharge of pharmaceutical wastewaters and the pollutions of pesticides or herbicides from agricultural activity in Puhe River were also significant.In these freshwater bodies,the pharmaceutical-related pollutants were determined as the types of adamantane-,cholesteric-,quinoline-or other heterocycles-,indanone-,aromatic ring-contained.