海上冰区溢油后原油扩散与漂移研究

RESEARCH OF OIL DIFFUSION AND DRIFT IN SEA ICE AFTER OIL SPILL

近年来,在世界及我国发生多次海上溢油事故,在处理海上溢油事故过程中,学习、总结、积累了一定的海上溢油应急处置技术和经验。但是对海上冰区溢油应急处置研究较少,而我国北方海域在冰区发生溢油事故的风险较高。冰区溢油的扩散与漂移和一般海上溢油有着众多不同之处,从而影响溢油的有效围控与回收。冰区溢油处于海面上的原油受水温的影响多为固态,扩散较为缓慢。溢油的漂移与冰区的特征有着重要关系。在浮冰区域,溢油会随浮冰一起漂移而不会与浮冰区域相分离,在大面积块状厚冰区域,溢油进入冰层下部后,扩散与漂移较为复杂,不利于溢油的围控与回收。

In recent years,several offshore oil spills occurred in the world and China,in the process of handling oil spills in the sea,some marine oil spill emergency response technology and experience have been accumulated,but less in sea ice emergency oil spill research. While there is a higher risk of the occurrence of oil spills in ice in the North Sea. Obvious differences existes in oil spills in ice drift and diffusion between general marine oil spill,thus affecting the effective confining control and recovery of oil. Crude oil spilled in sea ice,affected by temperature,is usually in solid state,whose diffusion is relatively slow. Great correlation exists between spill oil drift and ice zone features. In the floating ice area,the oil spill will drift with the ice together and not separated from the ice area; in large thick ice block area,after the oil spilled into the lower part of the ice,diffusion and drift is more complicated,increasing the difficultes in oil spill control and recovery.