汽油泄漏污染源附近芳香烃及含氧添加剂在地下水中浓度的快速估算

METHODS FOR QUICK ESTIMATION OF CONCENTRATIONS OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND OXYGENATES IN GROUND WATER NEAR SOURCE OF GASOLINE RELEASE

汽油中含有多种可微溶于水的有机物,如苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯(BTEX)等芳香烃类物质等,其中苯的致癌性已经得到确认。当汽油的生产、运输和储存过程中发生事故时,特别是当加油站的地下储油罐发生破损时,这些泄漏的有机物往往会对土壤和地下水造成污染。含氧添加剂如甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)或乙醇被加入汽油中后,虽然可以提高汽油的燃烧效率,降低汽油对大气的污染,然而却可能在地下水中引入新的化学物质,从而对地下水环境造成显著影响。对汽油中各类有机物质在非水相及水相中的分布情况进行了理论分析,并结合静态平衡试验结果,得出了污染源附近各污染物质在地下水中浓度的最大值。

Gasoline is a mixture that comprises of various slightly soluble organic compounds such as benzene,toluene,ethyl benzene and xylenes(BTEX),of which benzene is a known carcinogen.When accidents occur during the manufacturing,transportation and storage of gasoline,especially when leaks occur in underground gasoline storage tanks,the release of these compounds can potentially pose significant threats to ground water.While the addition of oxygenates such as MTBE or ethanol has aided in improving the gasoline combustion efficiency,therefore mitigating air pollution issues subsequently,there also exists the risk of introducing new types of contaminants to ground water,which can potentially have a major impact on ground water quality.The partitioning of various compounds in gasoline between non-aqueous and aqueous phases was analyzed using a theoretically-based approsch and batch equilibrium experiments,and methodologies to estimate the maximum possible concentrations of these compounds in ground water near the source of release were developed.