好氧、厌氧、兼氧污水处理技术的原理——兼谈水解酸化工艺的研发

PRINCIPLES OF AEROBIC,ANAEROBIC,AND FACULTATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SEWAGE TREATMENT: DEVELOPMENT OF THE HYDROLYSIS ACIDIFICATION

比较了好氧、厌氧、兼氧污水处理技术的原理。好氧处理技术出水水质较好,主要应用于处理中低浓度废水或者作为厌氧处理的后续处理,但能耗高。厌氧处理技术适用于处理高浓度有机废水,逐步成为环境保护、资源利用的核心方法,但是,反应速度较慢,反应器容积较大。兼氧处理技术可发挥厌氧去除有机物绝对量高、好氧对有机物去除率高的各自优点,提高总体有机物处理效率。兼氧处理技术的发展趋势大致有:兼氧微生物降解有机物的机理、兼氧微生物的分离与培养、提高兼氧微生物处理污染物效能研究、兼氧微生物与其他微生物的相互关系。兼氧处理技术中,水解酸化工艺居于重要地位,是一个典型工艺,多年来得到广泛应用,为我国的污水处理事业做出了重要贡献。

Principles of aerobic,anaerobic,and facultative wastewater treatment technologies were compared in this paper.The effluent quality from aerobic treatment technology is great. This technology is suitable for the treatment of low and medium concentration wastewater and the follow-up process for effluent from anaerobic treatment. However,the energy consumption is high. Anaerobic treatment technology is suitable for the treatment of high concentration wastewater. It has gradually been the core method for environmental protection and resource utilization. However,the reaction velocity of the technology is slow,and the reactor volume is larger. Facultative treatment technology can combine the advantages of aerobic and anaerobic technologies,improving the overall efficiency of organic matter removal. The development trend of facultative treatment technology includes: Mechanism of degradation for organic matter of facultative microbes, cultivation and isolation of facultative microbes,improvement of treatment efficacy of facultative microbes,and relationship between facultative microbes and other microbes. Hydrolysis acidification process occupies an important position in the application of facultative microbes.Over the years,hydrolysis acidification process has been popularly used,making important contribution for the sewage treatment in China.