噪声地图的研究进展

THE DEVELOPMENT TREND OF NOISE MAP

快速的城市化进程致使城市噪声成为环境"四大公害"之一,噪声的防治已受到政府、科研工作者和公众的广泛关注,而作为防治噪声污染的基础手段和技术,噪声地图正逐步成为研究热点。系统地总结了国内外噪声地图研究的历程,重点分析了噪声地图绘制的研究内容、关键技术、主要问题及发展趋势。结果表明噪声地图的研究主要集中在以下五个方面:1)噪声源标准研究;2)噪声模拟研究;3)噪声传播方式及损耗研究;4)噪声可视化技术研究;5)噪声地图应用研究。噪声地图绘制过程主要包括:(1)数据收集、预处理及储存;(2)噪声模拟软件的选取;(3)噪声模拟;(4)噪声地图可视化;(5)噪声防控。研究主要存在以下问题:(1)噪声模拟方法,研究结果难以对比分析;(2)获取高精度噪声地图的成本很大;(3)噪声地图可视化主要停留在平面空间,可展示的信息量和类型过于局限。因此,集成GIS技术研发统一的噪声模拟技术,制作高精度、信息量丰富的多维噪声地图将是噪声地图发展趋势。

With the rapid urbanization,urban noise has become one of the ''four major public hazards'. Noise-control has also received extensive attention of the government,scientists and the public,therefore noise map is gradually becoming a research hot-spot,which is a basic tool and technology for prevention and control of noise pollution. In this paper,we systematically summarized research history of noise map at home and abroad,and focused on analyzing the main technologies,problems and development trend of noise mapping. Our study has shown that noise map research mainly focuses on the following five aspects: noise-sources standard,noise simulation,noise transmission way and noise loss,noise visualization technology,the application research on noise map. The process of noise mapping Mainly includes the following content:collection,pre-treatment and storage of data,selection of noise simulation software,Noise simulation,visualization of noise map,measures of noise control and prevention. At present,the following problems need our more attention: Noise simulation methods differ in thousands ways,therefore it's difficult to conduct contrastive analysis of results; Noise mapping is a complex system,it requires a lot of data,so to obtain high precision noise map,we need to spend a lot of time and money; Noise map visualization mainly stay in the plane space,this kind of map cannot enough to express information which is useful for controlling noise. Therefore,the development trend would focus on making high-precision,and multidimensional-information noise map integrating of GIS technology.