基于GIS的山东省乡村聚落空间格局研究

Assess Spatial Pattern of Rural Settlements in Shandong Province Using GIS Techniques

以山东省2014年、2015年Landsat-8遥感影像和山东省行政区划作为数据源,对山东省乡村聚落进行提取,运用平均最邻近指数、核密度分析和景观指数等方法,探索山东省乡村聚落分布特征,研究表明:山东省乡村聚落平均最邻近距离比率R为0.693,呈明显的聚集模式;乡村聚落平均分布密度为0.724个/km2,空间分布特征呈现西高东低,中部大于四周的聚集模式;规模分布特征中部规模较小,西部、北部和南部则出现高值集聚,整体规模在空间上呈现出中间低、四周高的"盆地"特征;在形态分布上西部和南部平稳,东部和北部聚落形态比较复杂。

Based on Landsat-8 remote sensing image in 2014 and 2015, and administrative divisions and digital elevation model( DEM) data in Shandong province, this article analyzed rural settlements' spatial pattern of Shandong province by using the nearest neighbor mean distance analysis kernel density estimation, exploratory spatial data analysis and landscape pattern analysis.The results showed that rural settlements in Shandong province were clustered in the space. The average nearest neighbor distance ratio R was 0.693, and the Z score was-198.683. The average distribution density of rural settlement was 0.724/km^2, and the distribution density of the maximum value was 3.5/km^2. The spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements showed a pattern of high East and low West, and the middle of the central area was larger than the aggregation model.In the west, North and south, there were four relatively obvious high value agglomeration areas,showing a 'basin' characteristics which was low in the middle and high in surrounding.