长沙地区雾霾特征及影响因子分析

Characteristics of fog /haze and its influencing factors in Changsha

根据长沙地区1970—2012年气象观测资料及环境监测数据,对近43年长沙雾霾特征及影响因子进行了分析。结果表明,长沙地区雾的年际变化具有显著的倒'U'型特征,霾整体上呈上升趋势;雾霾天气主要集中在秋冬季节,春夏季节较少;从空间分布来看,望城区(县)和宁乡县雾霾天气最多,浏阳市次之,长沙市区最少。在一次持续性雾霾天气过程中(10.2~10.12),相对湿度、PM2.5质量浓度与能见度呈现显著负相关,说明PM2.5质量浓度和相对湿度是雾霾天气形成的首要影响因子。

Based on meteorological observation data and environmental monitoring data of Changsha in the period from 1970 to 2012,we analyzed the characteristics and influencing factors of the fog /haze in Changsha.The results show that fog had obvious inverted 'U'characteristic,haze is on the rise as a whole,and the fog /haze mainly concentrates in autumn and winter. From the view of spatial distribution,fog /haze had serious influence to Wangcheng County and Ningxiang County,but had the least influence to Urban District of Changsha.During the occurrence of the fog /haze,the relative humidity and the concentration of PM2. 5were significantly negatively correlated with visibility. Therefore,these factors are the main influencing factors of fog /haze.