种植不同植物的表面流人工湿地净化效果和微生物群落差异分析

Purification effects and microbial community differences of the surface-flow constructed wetlands with different vegetation plantation

为了解植物种类对表面流人工湿地的净化效果的影响及其与微生物群落的关系,研究了4种植物条件下表面流人工湿地的氮磷平衡以及微生物群落结构。结果表明,各组人工湿地对氨氮(45.53%~80.95%)、总氮(53.67%~80.30%)和总磷(32.97%~55.77%)都有较好的处理效果,种植植物的人工湿地比未种植的人工湿地具有更高的氨氮、总氮和总磷去除效果,其中黄菖蒲组对氮的去除效果最好,美人蕉组对磷的去除效果最好。在表面流人工湿地中,微生物作用(34.84%~45.44%)是人工湿地氮去除的主要途径,基质吸附(20.90%~23.91%)是人工湿地磷去除的主要途径,但是种植植物的人工湿地的氮磷通过微生物去除的量更高。高通量测序分析表明,相较于未种植植物的人工湿地,种植植物的人工湿地显示出更高的微生物丰富度、多样性和更高的脱氮除磷功能微生物的丰度。假单胞菌属、不动杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属和硝化螺菌属是人工湿地中主要的脱氮菌属,也是种植植物的人工湿地高生物脱氮的原因。假单胞菌属和不动杆菌属丰度增加是种植植物的人工湿地高生物除磷的原因。

In order to investigate the effects of vegetation species on the purification performance of surfaceflow constructed wetlands(CWs)and its relationship with microbial community in CWs,the balance of nitrogen and phosphorus,as well as the microbial community in CWs with four types of vegetation plantation were NH4+-N,TN and TP removal,and the corresponding removal rates were 45.53%~80.95%,53.67%~80.30%and 32.97%~55.77%,respectively.Moreover,CWs with vegetation plantation generally presented a higher NH4+-N,TN and TP removal rate than CWs without vegetation plantation,of which Irispseudacorus planted CWs achieved the best nitrogen removal,and Canna glauca planted CWs achieved the best phosphorus removal.In CWs,the main nitrogen removal was dependent on the microbial process with removal rate of 31.34%~45.44%,and the main phosphorus removal was ascribed to the substrate adsorption with removal rate of 20.90%~23.91%.However,CWs with vegetation plantation showed higher nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates through microbes than CWs without vegetation plantation.The high-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that CWs with vegetation plantation showed higher microbial abundant,biodiversity and higher microbial abundance of denitrification and dephosphorization than CWs without vegetation plantation.In addition,Pseudomonas,Acinetobacter,Bacillus and Nitrospira were the main genus of denitrification and responsible for the high biological denitrification effect in CWs with vegetation plantation,and the increase in the abundance of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were responsible for the high biological dephosphorization effect.