清末来华西人关于中国考试制度改革的建议

Suggestions on the Reform of Chinese Examination Systems Proposed by Westerners Came to China at the End of Qing Dynasty

晚清时期来华西人曾参与中国科举制度的改革潮流,不断提出改革建议;特别是1899年由中国(基督教)教育学会与广学会联合制定的《推广实学条例》,推出一套独立于中国科举制度的全国公共考试方案。该方案是中国近代西学教育不断发展,而清政府不能适时甚至阻碍改革的产物。其目的是促进中国近代新式教育和实现基督教化,而后一目的必将遭到一般士大夫反对而注定在中国行不通。但是,方案所体现的学校考试应与国家选官制度分离的思想,正是后来中国考试制度改革的方向。

Westerners came to China at the end of Qing Dynasty used to participate in the reform of the Chinese Imperial Examination System and they had proposed a lot of reform suggestions; in 1899, the China Educational Society (Christianity) and the Guangzhou Society jointly put forward the Regulations of Extending Real Learning and thus constructed a national public testing system separated from the Imperial Examination System. This was enhanced by the development of western learning in China, while the Qing Dynasty could not carry out reform in time, on the contrary, the Qing Dynasty hindered the reforms. The purpose of the Regulations was to promote new education in China and also make the education Christianized. The latter purpose would surely be rejected and doomed by the scholar-bureaucrats in China. But fortunately, the idea that examinations in schools should be separated from the national system of selecting officials embodied in the proposal proved to be the trend of reform in Chinese examination system.