论明代科举制度对学校教育的导向作用

The Directing Functions of the Imperial Examinations(Keju)on the School Education in the Ming Dynasty

科举制度是我国古代长期实行的一种官员选拔制度。科举制度发展到明代进一步完备,但其弊端也空前暴露。科举制度不是教育制度,但它与教育关系密切,对学校教育具有导向作用,具体体现在对学校培养目标的导向、学校教学内容的导向、对学校教学效果的导向等诸多方面。科举考试主宰并控制了学校教育,故明代的学校教育是科举制度导向下的教育。

The System of Imperial Examinations(Keju)was widely used in selecting officials in Ancient China.In the Ming Dynasty,the Keju System was quite well-developed,but some of the de- fects also became to protrude out.Although the Keju System was not a kind of educational system,it was closely related to education and had directing functions over school education.The directing functions can exert influences on the following aspects:the education goal of the schools,the teaching contents and the teaching outcomes as well.The Keju System dominated and controlled the school e- ducation,and in this sense,the school education in the Ming Dynasty was under the direction of the Keju System.