日本大学扩张及其大学生学习能力下降原因分析

Analysis of Reasons for University Expansion and Students’ Learning Ability Declining in Japan

日本的高等教育已经由精英教育过渡到大众化教育,目前正稳步进入高等教育的普及化阶段。随着高等教育规模的不断扩张,日本高等教育之数量与质量的矛盾也日益突出,尤其是日本大学生的学习能力不断下降,已成为社会所关注的重要问题。日本大学生"学力低下"可归结为大学招生选拔的多样化,其中最主要的原因就是推荐入学人数的增加、考试科目的大幅度削减。日本高等教育发展特点和存在的问题,对于当今我国高等教育大众化的发展有着重要启示。

Higher education in Japan has already transferred from Elite Education to Popular Education and reached its universal education stage at present. University expansion has witnessed sharp descending of university students’ learning ability. The reasons caused the descent of students’ learning ability in Japan can be attributed to the enrollment diversification, with the two features --- the increase of recommended candidates and decrease of test subjects. The analysis of the features and problems of Japan’s higher education in this paper may shed some light on China’s popularization of higher education.