中国高考面临的文化困境与出路

Cultural Dilemma and Its Outlet of Gaokao(NCEE) in China

中国高考以高度统一化管理为主要特征,在教育资源配置、考试模式和方法、录取权限与公开化等方面,均因改革迟滞而为社会舆论所诟病。此中,主要有三个无法回避的问题:一是我国公共教育资源分布的相对不均衡与社会对公平诉求之间的矛盾,导致了"倾斜的分数线";二是一元化的评价模式与社会多元化发展之间的矛盾,导致了基础教育的"应试型"而非"素质型";三是扩大高校招生自主权与社会腐败带来的不信任困扰之间的矛盾,导致了高校自主招生的步履维艰。中国高考深受传统考试文化影响,并为社会环境和社会文化心理所困扰,因此只有优化环境、准确定位、加快科学化进程,才是高考改革的沧桑正道。

The Gaokao,which is criticized by the public,is facing three problems as follows:firstly,the uneven distribution of the public education resources conflicts with the social demands for equality of examination;secondly,the unified assessment mode contradicts the social pluralism so results in the basic education being a "examination-oriented" type instead of a "quality-oriented" one;thirdly,more freedom of the college independent admissions has not inspired more momentum for their recruitment autonomy,but lead to people’s mistrust of higher education and torments from social corruption.Regarding the cultural dilemma of China’s Gaokao mentioned above,the present article advocates that some ways out for Gaokao should be found.