千年科考终结及其当代启示——基于国家级大规模考试革废的考察

The End of Millennium-old Keju and Its Enlightenment——A Survey Based on Reformation and Revocation of Large-scale National Examinations

科举,诞生于公元605年,废于公元1905年;高考,诞生于公元1949年,其间几经革废,波澜壮阔延续至今。每当我们检讨高考存在的诸多问题时,似乎总能从科举中找到原型,比如作弊问题、考选公平问题。科举废止至今105年,尚未"盖棺定论",而高考因为信用和公平危机正深陷"革废论争泥潭"。尝试对在历史上延续1300余年的科举考试制度进行终结性的评论,既是对历史负责任的学术良心体现,也是为走到"十字路口"的高考、国考、汉考等国家级大规模考试的改革与发展寻求"破壁"之策的努力,更是为"全民火爆"的高考、国考、汉考等国家级大规模考试实现又好又快发展目标探析"冷着陆"、"软着陆"之略的尝试。

History tells us that A.D. 605 was the birth of Keju, and A.D. 1905 was its end; while A.D. 1949 was the birth of Gaokao,recent years has witnessed its growth from beginning to flourish through reform and finally, abolishment. Looking back, we may find that the problems like cheat on Gaokao, inequity of Gaokao results, etc can always catch our eyes and draw out attention to the connection between Keju and Gaokao. To be specific, when we find the role of Keju has yet not been approved so far, the existence of the current Gaokao incur hot debate due to its credit crisis and equity problem. In this case, against the background of the days marked 60th anniversary of Gaokao, 20th anniversary of the national civil examination and 25th anniversary of HSK, this article would like to and attempt to reach a verdict upon Keju. Hopefully, the discussion and conclusion will shoulder part of the intellectuals’ historical responsibility who should have helped Gaokao, uniform national exams and HSK find a breakthrough for their bottleneck, and to offer some suggestions for the strategic "cold landing" and "soft landing" of such large-scale national examinations.