考试经济学刍论:考试的属性、职能与设计

Preliminary Discussion on Examination Economics:The Nature,Function and Design of Examination

考试是一种经济现象,效率与公平是考试关注的两大基本问题。考试不仅是一种教育评价手段和国家治理方式,也具有公共资源的属性,更是一种资源配置方式,它通过对有限的社会资源进行合理配置,以期实现资源利用效率的最大化和社会公平。考试效率和公平两者同等重要,不可或缺。在贫富差距两极分化和社会资源分配不均的背景下,借助考试实现社会资源均衡分配和社会公平愈加重要。因此,需要对考试制度和流程进行重新设计,以实现考试的程序正义和实体正义。

The examination is a kind of economic phenomenon.Efficiency and fairness are the two fundamental factors concerning examinations.Examination is both a means of education evaluation and approach to state governance and a way of resource allocation as well.Through reasonable allocation of limited social resource,examination realizes the maximum utilization of resources and social justice.Therefore,the efficiency and fairness of examination are important and indispensable.In a society with polarized poverty gap and unequal distribution of social resources,it is more important for us make use of examinations to allocate resources and promote fairness.In this case,in order to realize the procedural justice and the substantive justice of examination,it is quite necessary to design and schedule the whole examination system and the process.