高考加分制和配额制的比较研究——基于中美少数族裔高等教育招生录取优惠政策的分析

A Comparative Study on Gaokao’s Mark-adding Policy and Quota Policy between China and America——from Perspective of Preferential Policies for Minorities

中美少数民族高等教育问题一直是中美高等教育领域的重要问题,在少数民族高等教育优惠政策中,中国在高等院校招生上给予少数民族高考加分,美国则由"肯定性行动计划"发展出配额制和百分比制,其各自实施的背景和效果有同有异,基于加分制、配额制和百分比制,笔者分别阐述了两国少数族裔高等教育招生录取优惠政策,并进一步在其异同的基础上探讨其公平性和有效性问题。

Policies of higher education for minority nationalities has long been a concerning in both China and America. As for the preferential policies for minorities, two countries adopt different means: while China allows the minority candidates to get extra marks for entering the universities,America carry out a quota policy and percentage system derived from the "affirmative action program" for their minority students. Since the polices implemented in China and America are under different backgrounds and harvested different fruits, it is meaningful for this article to have a comparative study on the mark-adding policy, quota policy and percentage policy in the two countries. Based on the comparative study, the article also analyses the problem of fairness and effectiveness of the poli cies.