民国时期私立大学学业考试制度的流变探析

An Analysis of Achievement Test System in Private Universities during Republic Period in China

民国私立大学学业考试制度创立于20世纪初期,它的建立与演变,与私立大学的发展变迁密不可分。按照制度流变脉络,民国私立大学学业考试制度的发展历程大致可以分为三个阶段:初创阶段(1911-1927年)、规范化阶段(1927-1937年)、调整与消亡阶段(1937-1949年)。由于在创建伊始便处在复杂的社会政治与经济变革环境中,民国私立大学学业考试制度也随社会制度的变革而不断变化,在演变过程中受社会政治、经济、文化因素的直接影响程度较大,其办学宗旨、育人理念和课程设置具有相当的自主性。从总体演变路径来看,通过改进教学管理、完善学业考试制度,民国私立大学得以很好地达到提升学生学业表现、提高人才培养质量的效果。

Along with the growth of the universities themselves, the achievement test system inthe private universities during Republic period had undergone three stages: the startup stage(1911-1927), standardization stage(1927-1937) and the adjustment and dissolution stage(1937-1949).Against the complex social background, the achievement test system in the private universities duringRepublic period at that time had been deeply influenced by social, political, economic and culturalfactors of that society, and its goals, concepts and curriculum design enjoyed a high degree of autonomy. Generally speaking, by means of improving the teaching administration and perfecting the education examination policies, private universities during the Republic period of China had achieved theirgoal of improving students’ academic performance and the overall quality of personnel training.