水中细菌内毒素污染特性及检测方法研究进展

Review on Characteristics and Detecting Assay of Bacterial Endotoxin Contamination in Water Environment

细菌内毒素是革兰氏阴性菌和某些蓝藻细胞壁的脂多糖复合物,主要由菌体死亡解体后释放,是常见的外源性致热原,具有强免疫刺激能力,与人类多种疾病密切相关.内毒素分子的耐受力好,耐热性强,不易被常规方法去除.饮用水和水环境中的内毒素可通过多种暴露途径导致机体潜在的健康风险,成为近年来研究的热点.本文概述了细菌内毒素的理化特性和生物活性,综述了细菌内毒素多种检测方法的研究进展,并对细菌内毒素的法定检测方法——鲎试验用于检测水体环境样品的干扰问题和排除方法进行分析.

Endotoxins,also known as lipopolysaccharide complexes,are anchored in the outer membrane cell wall of most Gramnegative bacteria and some cyanobacteria. They are continuously released to environment during cell decay. Being common pyrogens and highly immunogenic molecules,endotoxins are related to many human diseases. Due to the tolerances and thermo-stability of endotoxin molecules,they were hard to be removed by common methods. The health risk caused by the endotoxin contamination in drinking water and water environment by various exposure pathways have attracted more and more attention in recent years. In this paper,the physical and chemical properties,biological activities and detection assay of the endotoxin contamination were reviewed,and interfere factors of the main assay,the LAL / TAL( Limulus amebocyte lysate / Tachypleus amebocyte lysate) assay,for detecting endotoxin in water sample were investigated,and the development tendency of the endotoxin detection assay was analyzed.