青岛近海不同天气状况下大气气溶胶中金属元素浓度分布特征研究

Concentration Distribution of Metal Elements in Atmospheric Aerosol Under Different Weather Conditions in Qingdao Coastal Region

为探究青岛近海不同天气下气溶胶中金属元素的浓度分布特征,于2012年4~5月,2012年8月~2013年3月在青岛近海采集了总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)样品,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICPAES)分析了主要微量金属元素.结果表明,Al、Ca、Fe、Na、K和Mg是TSP中主要的金属元素,质量浓度占所测元素总浓度的94.2%.TSP及金属元素浓度月变化明显,Fe、Al、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Ba、Mn、Ti、Sr和Li均在11月和1月浓度最高,Be、Sc、Co、Ni和Cr在1月最高,Na在8、11和2月较高,12月最低,Pb在1月和2月最高,8月和12月最低.富集因子表明Be、Co、Al、Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Sr和Ti主要受自然源影响,Li、Cr、Ni、Zn、Ba和Na除受自然源外,还受部分人为源影响,Pb主要来自人为源.不同天气状况对TSP及其金属元素浓度影响较大,除Ti外,所测元素浓度均在烟雾天最高.与晴天相比,烟雾天除Ti外,其余元素均升高,增幅为1~4倍,雾天Li、Be、Cr、Ni、Al、Fe、Mg和Mn变化不大,Pb和Na升高较多,Co、Ca和Ti降低较多,霾天Cr、Co和Ti降低,其余元素浓度升高,增幅为1~3倍.大部分元素在晴天富集因子最小,雾天富集因子最大.Ni、Zn、Ba、K、Na、Pb和Sr富集因子为晴<霾<烟雾<雾,Fe和Mn为晴<烟雾<霾<雾,Al和Mg为晴<雾<霾<烟雾,其余金属不同天气下富集因子的变化规律各不相同.

To know the influence of different weather conditions on the concentration of metal elements in aerosols in the coastal region, total suspended particles ( TSP) samples were collected from April to May 2012, and August 2012 to March 2013 in the Qingdao coastal region, and common trace metals were analyzed by using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry ( ICP-MS ) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry ( ICP-AES) . The results showed that Al, Ca, Fe, Na, K and Mg were the dominant metal elements in TSP, and the sum of the six elements accounted for 94. 2% of the sum of all metals. TSP and metal elements had significant monthly variations, Fe, Al, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Ba, Mn, Ti, Sr and Li had the highest concentration in November and January, while Be, Sc, Co, Ni and Cr showed the highest value in January. Na had the highest concentration in August, November and February, and the lowest in December. Pb had the highest concentration in January and February, and the lowest in August and December. Enrichment factors indicated that Be, Co, Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Sr and Ti were mainly affected by natural sources;Li, Cr, Ni, Zn, Ba and Na were affected by natural sources and part of anthropogenic sources;Pb was mainly from anthropogenic sources. Different weather conditions had great impact on TSP and metal elements concentrations, all the measured metals had the highest concentrations in smog except Ti. Compared with the sunny day, the concentration of atmospheric particulate Ti decreased, while the other elements increased by 1 to 4 times in smog. Li, Be, Cr, Ni, Al, Fe, Mg and Mn had little variation in concentration in foggy day, and the concentration of Pb and Na increased considerably. The concentration of Co, Ca and Ti reduced obviously in fog. Except for Cr, Co and Ti, the other elements increased by 1 to 3 times in haze. Most of the elements had the minimal enrichment factors in sunny day, while the other had the maximal enrichment factor in foggy day. Enrichment factors of Ni, Zn, Ba, K, Na, Pb and Sr varied in the order of sunny day﹤ haze day﹤ smog day﹤foggy day, Fe and Mn were sunny day﹤smog day﹤haze day﹤foggy day, Al and Mg were sunny day﹤foggy day﹤haze day﹤smog day. The variation of enrichment factors was different under different weathers for Li, Be, Cr, Co, Ca and Ti.