北京市再生水利用生态环境效益评估

Assessment of Ecological Environment Benefits of Reclaimed Water Reuse in Beijing

随着我国社会经济的快速发展和人口的持续增长,我国面临着日益严峻的水资源问题,再生水利用已成为解决水资源严重短缺、控制生态环境进一步恶化的有效措施.再生水利用不仅可以节约大量的新鲜水,而且还可以降低污水排放对环境的影响,具有巨大的生态环境效益,包括资源效益、环境效益和对人体健康的效益等.本研究采用机会成本法构建了再生水利用生态环境效益的评价体系,并以北京市为例对其再生水利用的生态环境效益进行了估算.结果表明,2010年北京市再生水利用具有可观的生态环境效益12.0亿,其中再生水替代新鲜水的资源效益占比重最大,环境改善效益和地下水补给效益也较大,其余效益较小或为负.北京市再生水利用的生态环境效益约为其直接经济收益的1.8倍,说明北京市再生水利用符合可持续发展的理念.相关方法与研究成果可以为推动我国再生水利用的发展提供科学依据.

With the rapid development of the social economy and the sustained growth of population, China is facing increasingly serious water problems, and reclaimed water utilization has become an effective measure to solve water shortage problem and to control further deterioration of the ecological environment. Reclaimed water utilization can not only save a lot of fresh water, but also reduce the environmental impact of wastewater discharge, and thus has great ecological environmental benefits, including resource, environmental and human health benefits and so on. This study used the opportunity cost method to construct an evaluation system for ecological environmental benefits of reclaimed water utilization, and Beijing was taken as an example to conduct an estimation of ecological environmental benefits of reclaimed water utilization. Research results indicated that the reclaimed water utilization in Beijing had considerable environmental benefits for ￥ 1. 2 billion in 2010, in which replacement of fresh water accounted for the largest share. The benefits of environmental improvement and groundwater recharge were large, while the other benefits were small or negative. The ecological environment benefits of reclaimed water utilization in Beijing was about 1. 8 times that of its direct economic benefits, showing that reclaimed water utilization was in accordance with sustainable development. Related methods and results will provide scientific basis to promote the development of reclaimed water utilization in our country.