海泡石对镉-铅复合污染钝化修复效应及其土壤环境质量影响研究

Immobilization Remediation of Cd and Pb Contaminated Soil: Remediation Potential and Soil Environmental Quality

通过盆栽试验,开展了海泡石钝化修复Cd-Pb复合污染土壤对p H、重金属形态含量、水稻体内重金属累积特征以及土壤酶活性和微生物数量的影响研究.结果表明,添加海泡石提高了土壤p H值,污染土壤中Cd和Pb由活性较高的可提取态向活性低的有机结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态以及残渣态转化,可溶态Cd和Pb含量分别较对照降低了1.4%~72.9%和11.8%~51.4%.水稻体内各部分重金属含量总体上随海泡石含量增加而减少.与对照相比,水稻茎、叶、糙米和稻壳中Cd含量最大可降低39.8%、36.4%、55.2%和32.4%,而相对应部位的Pb含量最大降幅也分别达到了22.1%、54.6%、43.5%和17.8%.添加海泡石后在一定程度上改善了土壤环境质量,过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性、细菌和放线菌数量有所增加,蔗糖酶活性和真菌数目较对照有所降低,但不显著(P>0.05).p H、可溶态Cd、Pb含量以及脲酶和蔗糖酶活性与水稻体内Cd、Pb含量之间存在显著的相关关系,可以用来评价土壤Cd-Pb复合污染钝化修复效率.

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the immobilization remediation effects of sepiolite on soils artificially combined contamination by Cd and Pb using a set of various pH and speciation of Cd and Pb in soil, heavy metal concentration in Oryza satiυa L. , and soil enzyme activity and microbial quantity. Results showed that the addition of sepiolite increased the soil pH, and the exchangeable fraction of heavy metals was converted into Fe-Mn oxide, organic and residual forms, the concentration of exchangeable form of Cd and Pb reduced by 1. 4% -72. 9% and 11. 8% -51. 4% , respectively, when compared with the control. The contents of heavy metals decreased with increasing sepiolite, with the maximal Cd reduction of 39. 8% , 36. 4% , 55. 2% and 32. 4% , respectively, and 22. 1% , 54. 6% , 43. 5% and 17. 8% for Pb, respectively, in the stems, leaves, brown rice and husk in contrast to CK. The addition of sepiolite could improve the soil environmental quality, the catalase and urease activities and the amount of bacteria and actinomycete were increased to some extents. Although the fungi number and invertase activity were inhibited compared with the control group, it was not significantly different ( P > 0. 05). The significant correlation between pH, available heavy metal content, urease and invertase activities and heavy metal concentration in the plants indicated that these parameters could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of stabilization remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.