华南某市生活垃圾组成特征分析

Analysis of Composition Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste in South China

依据城市生活垃圾采样分析方法对华南某市20个街镇生活垃圾的物理性质和物理组成进行历时一年的研究.结果表明,研究区域垃圾平均容重为0.22×103kg·m-3,垃圾三组分(水分、灰分和可燃物)所占比例分别为55.0%~66.9%、18.6%~30.3%、69.7%~81.4%,有机质含量比例为50.1%~58.0%,各研究区镇垃圾热值范围为6 570~9 652 k J·kg-1,平均热值为8 272 k J·kg-1,高于世界银行推荐的垃圾焚烧所需最低热值(7 000 k J·kg-1).其它物理组分所占比例分别如下:厨余类为39.8%~53.3%,橡塑类为16.5%~33.4%,纸类为5.61%~7.95%,纺织类为1.14%~5.16%,竹类为2.49%~5.12%,玻璃类为1.10%~1.47%,混合类5.86%~7.57%,灰土类2.46%~6.73%,金属0.1%~0.32%,陶瓷0.4%~0.69%.相关分析和主成分分析结果表明纺织类、橡塑类、纸类、可燃物比重对焚烧有促进作用,厨余类、玻璃类、容重、灰分、含水率、灰土等则对焚烧有一定的负影响.

Using the MSW( municipal solid waste) sampling and analysis methods,the composition characteristics of MSW in south China were investigated. The results showed that: the average MSW bulk density was 0. 22 × 103kg·m-3,the percentages of water,ash and combustible were 55. 0%-66. 9%,18. 6%-30. 3% and 69. 7%-81. 4%,respectively. The organic contents were 50. 1%-58. 0%. The waste low caloric value( wet base) ranged 6 570-9 652 k J·kg-1,and the average of waste low caloric value( wet base)was 8 272 k J·kg-1,which was higher than the recommended value of World Bank( 7000 k J·kg-1). The percentage composition of MSW was: 39. 8%-53. 3% kitchen waste garbage,16. 5%-33. 4% rubber and plastics,5. 61%-7. 95% paper,1. 14%-5. 16%textile products,2. 49%-5. 12% bamboo products,1. 10%-1. 47% glass,5. 86%-7. 57% mixed materials,2. 46%-6. 73% dust,0. 1%-0. 32% metal,and 0. 4%-0. 69% ceramic. The correlation analysis and factor analysis showed that: the high proportions of textile,rubber and plastics,paper,and combustible materials had a positive effect on the MSW incineration,while the high proportions of kitchen waste garbage,glass,MSW bulk density,ash,water content and dust had a negative effect on the MSW incineration.