塔里木河上游典型绿洲土壤酶活性与环境因子相关分析

Soil Enzyme Activities and Their Relationships to Environmental Factors in a Typical Oasis in the Upper Reaches of the Tarim River

土壤酶能反映土壤生物化学过程的强度与方向,深入解析土壤酶活性与环境因子的相关性,有助于探索土壤生态过程,为开展土壤系统的科学调控提供科学依据.以塔里木河上游阿拉尔垦区为研究区,选择新开棉田、10 a棉田、30 a棉田、果园、人工林、天然林、荒草地、盐碱地及沙地等不同土地利用类型为研究对象,运用经典统计学分析绿洲土壤酶活性及环境因子的分异规律,并结合冗余分析技术研究土壤酶活性与环境因子相关关系.经典统计学分析显示,土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、转化酶、碱性磷酸酶活性均值分别为4.27 m L·g-1、0.34 mg·g-1、2.08 m L·g-1、0.08 mg·g-1.冗余分析结果表明:全氮、有机质、有效磷、土壤含水量、全盐与土壤酶活性呈极显著相关性(P<0.01);土壤容重与土壤酶活性表现为显著相关性;其他环境因子与土壤酶活性的相关性均不显著(P>0.05).环境因子与土壤酶活性相关性大小排序为全氮>有机质>有效磷>土壤含水量>全盐>容重>速效钾>p H.

The intensity and direction of soil biochemical process can be reflected by soil enzyme.The relationship between enzyme activity of soil and environmental factors is deeply studied in this paper,which can contribute to explore the soil ecological process and to provide scientific evidence for scientific regulation of soil system.Soil samples from new cropland,ten-years cropland,thirty-years cropland,orchard,plantation,natural forest,grassland,saline land and desert in the upper reaches of the Tarim River were collected.The relationships between soil enzyme activities and environmental factors were analyzed by traditional statistics and redundancy analysis( RDA).The results showed that soil enzyme activities in this area were low,with the average of enzyme properties as follows:catalase,urease,invertase and alkaline phosphatase,with activity of 4.27 m L·g- 1,0.34 mg·g- 1,2.08 m L·g- 1and 0.08 mg·g- 1,respectively.According to the RDA results,the total nitrogen,organic matter,available potassium,soil moisture and total salt were significantly correlated with enzyme activity while a relatively significant correlationship between bulk density and enzyme activity was found.There was no significant correlationship between available potassium / p H and enzyme activity.The importance of environmental factors to soil enzyme activities could be arranged as total nitrogen > organic matter > available potassium > soil moisture > total salt >bulk density > available potassium > p H.