2015年春节北京市空气质量分析

Air Quality Characteristics in Beijing During Spring Festival in 2015

对2015年春节(2月18~24日)期间北京市PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2的浓度及PM2.5组分进行了分析,并基于PM2.5/CO比值法定量估算了除夕夜烟花爆竹PM2.5排放量.结果表明,春节期间北京市PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2的平均浓度分别为116.85、184.71、22.14、36.27μg·m-3,比2014年同期分别增长52.61%、92.41%、-40.15%、-0.46%;除夕夜01:00PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2峰值浓度分别为412.69、541.63、152.73、51.09μg·m-3,比2014年同期峰值浓度分别增长19.02%、14.37%、76.57%、11.35%;污染物峰值浓度空间分布上人口密集地区浓度水平明显较高;具有烟花燃放特征的指示性PM2.5组分ρ(Cl-)、ρ(K+)、ρ(Mg2+)峰值浓度分别是2013~2014年各项离子年均浓度的18.85、66.72、70.10倍;烟花爆竹燃放会在短时间内造成严重的大气污染,除夕夜北京市区烟花爆竹排放PM2.5总量约为2.13×105kg.进一步分析显示春节半月期间污染源排放量大幅降低对北京市空气质量的改善效果明显.

To analyze the impacts of emissions from fireworks on the air quality,monitoring data of PM2. 5,PM10,SO2,NO2 chemical compositions of PM2. 5of automatic air quality stations in Beijing during Spring Festival( February 18th-24th) in 2015 were investigated.Moreover,we also estimated the fireworks on the New Year’s Eve produced based on the ratio of PM2. 5to CO. Analysis results showed that the concentrations of PM2. 5,PM10,SO2,NO2 during 2015 Spring Festival was 116. 85,184. 71,22. 14,and 36. 27 μg·m- 3,respectively,which raised 52. 61%,92. 41%,- 40. 15%,- 0. 46% respectively compared to the same period in 2014; the concentration peaks of PM2. 5,PM10,SO2,NO2 at 1: 00 am on 19 thwas 412. 69,541. 63,152. 73,51. 09 μg·m- 3,respectively,which was increased 19. 02%,14. 37%,76. 57%,11. 35% compared to that of 2014; the concentration peaks at dense population area were significantly higher than that in other districts; fireworks had great influence on the chemical compositions of PM2. 5especially on the concentrations of chloride ion,potassium ion,magnesian ion,which were 18. 85,66. 72,and 70. 10 times than that in 2013-2014; fireworks resulted in severe air pollution in a short time and the estimated fireworks on the New Year’s Eve was approximately2. 13 × 105 kg of PM2. 5. Reduction of pollutants during Spring Festival had a positive significant impact on air quality in Beijing.