郑州市典型工业炉窑细颗粒物排放特征及清单

Emission Characteristics and List of Inorganic Elements in Fine Particles of Typical Industrial Kilns in Zhengzhou City

利用稀释通道系统采集郑州市砖瓦、水泥和耐火材料行业典型工业炉窑废气中的细颗粒物样品,并分析其中Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Na、Mg、Al、Si、P、S、Cl、K、Ca、Ti、V、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、As、Se、Sr、Cd、Sb、Sn、Ba和Pb等27种无机元素.计算了PM_(2. 5)中无机元素的排放因子及2016年郑州市3个行业工业炉窑排放的PM_(2. 5)中主要无机元素的排放量,并建立了1 km×1 km的网格化清单.结果表明,耐火砖窑排放的总无机元素浓度最高,为(609. 97±490. 97)μg·m^(-3),3种炉窑排放的无机元素浓度在PM_(2. 5)中占比范围分别为34%～54%、27%～42%和23%～53%.砖窑和水泥窑排放的无机元素主要以地壳元素为主,浓度最高的元素分别为Cl和Al,耐火砖窑排放的无机元素主要以重金属元素为主,浓度最高的元素为Pb.砖窑与水泥窑排放的无机元素成分分歧系数为0. 389,略有差异,而水泥窑与耐火砖窑的分歧系数为0. 732,差异性显著. 2016年郑州市主要工业炉窑排放PM_(2. 5)中Pb、S、Zn、Cl、K、As、Fe、Si、Cr、Al、Na和Ca的排放量分别为919. 0、793. 1、124. 7、378. 6、82. 6、12. 2、60. 4、145. 4、7. 4、86. 6、15. 8和111. 4 kg·a^(-1),其中新密地区重金属排放量最高,存在较高的重金属健康风险.

Samples of particulate matter from flue gas emissions of typical brick,cement,and firebrick industrial kilns in Zhengzhou City were collected by dilution channel systems.Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Na,Mg,Al,Si,P,S,Cl,K,Ca,Ti,V,Ni,Cu,Zn,Ga,As,Se,Sr,Cd,Sb,Sn,Ba,and Pb were analyzed.The emission factors(EFs)and emissions of inorganic elements of PM2.5 from kilns flue gases of three industries in Zhengzhou City during 2016 were calculated.A grid list of 1 km×1 km was also established.The results show that the highest concentration of total inorganic elements was in the firebrick industry,corresponding to(609.97±490.97)μg·m-3.The concentration of inorganic elements in the three industries accounted for 34%-54%,27%-42%,and 23%-53%of PM2.5.The inorganic elements emitted from industrial kilns in brick and cement industries were mainly crust elements,and the highest concentration elements were Cl and Al.The inorganic elements emitted by industrial furnaces in the firebrick industry were mainly heavy metals,and the highest concentration element was Pb.The coefficient of divergence(CD)of inorganic elements in brick and cement industry was 0.389,that is slightly different.The CD between cement and refractory industry was 0.732,which represents a significant difference between inorganic element emissions.In 2016,the emissions of Pb,S,Zn,Cl,K,As,Fe,Si,Cr,Al,Na,and Ca in PM2.5 from major industrial furnaces in Zhengzhou City were 919.0,793.1,124.7,378.6,82.6,12.2,60.4,145.4,7.4,86.6,15.8,and 111.4 kg·a-1,respectively.Heavy metal emission in the Xinmi area was the highest,representing a high health risk.