铝合金液态填充焊的工艺特性分析

Welding characteristics of aluminum alloy with pre-melting liquid filler

采用高速摄像和工艺试验相结合的方法分析了液态填充焊的影响因素,进行了焊接接头质量分析.结果表明,激光液态填充焊有两种填充模式:焊丝半熔态、焊丝全熔态.焊接电流较小时,焊丝为半熔态,液态填材顺焊丝流向熔池;焊接电流较大时,焊丝为全熔态,依靠间隙的毛细作用,能稳定的流入熔池中.随着焊接速度的提高匙孔距熔池边缘的距离变小.为了使液态填材稳定的过渡到熔池中,光丝间距应控制在-0.5~2.0 mm范围内.经过接头质量分析发现:与激光填丝焊相比,液态填充焊接焊缝中的气孔率明显降低.

The influence of welding parameters on filling behavor of aluminum alloy joining with pre-melting liquid filler was researched by using high-speed camera and experimental tests. The quality of welded joints was analyzed as well. The results show that two filling modes,filler wire with partial melting state and full melting state,can be founded in laser welding with pre-melting liquid filler. Liquid filler flows along the wire to molten pool when the filler metal is in partial melting state with small welding current. While in the full melting state with the large welding current,the liquid filler can flow stably into the molten pool with the help of capillary action. With the increase of welding speed,the distance between the keyhole and the weld pool edge became short. The distance between laser beam and filler should be controlled at- 0. 5-2. 0 mm for stable feed of liquid filler to the molten pool. The porosity rate of joints welded with pre-melting liquid filler decreased obviously compared to laser welding with no-melting filler wire.