河北省人类活动环境压力的定量分析

Quantitative analysis of environmental pressure from human activities in Hebei Province

借鉴物质流分析法和排污系数法构建了人类活动环境压力定量核算方法,特别是深化了行业层面物质流分析方法,对河北省经济社会系统在2000—2010年间的物质输入输出进行总体和分行业分析,探讨了河北省经济发展与环境压力的关系.研究结果表明,由物质流表征的人类活动对环境的压力强度明显增加,环境风险进一步加大;这一时期经济的快速增长主要依赖落后产能的数量扩张,与经济增长和环境压力相"脱钩"的循环经济的要求渐行渐远;钢铁、建材、电力三大行业的5个产业部门是工业物质总排放的绝对主体,并且是排放量增速最快、排放效率下降最快的主要部门;机动车尾气排放已经成为这一时期第三产业及生活领域物质排放量增速最快、影响愈来愈大的部门.

This paper uses material flow analysis method and the emission coefficient method to construct the human environmental pressure quantitative calculation method.This method improves the material flow analysis in industry level,analyzes general and sub-sector material input and output of economic and social system during the year of 2000 to 2010,and discusses the relationship between the economic development and environmental pressure in Hebei Province.Results show that the environmental pressure from material flow-characterized human activity strengthened significantly and environmental risk increased.The rapid growth of economy is mainly dependent on the quantity expansion of backward production capacity,which go against the requirement of'incoupling'environment pressure from economic growth.Five industries in iron and steel,building materials,and electric power sectors are the main part of industrial material discharge,and their growth rates of emissions and decrease rates of emission efficiency are the fastest.Motor vehicle exhaust emission has become the fastest growing sector,posing significant influence on the third industry and life field in this period.