基于遥感资料的北京大气污染治理投资对降低PM_(2.5)的效能分析

Performance analysis of PM_(2.5) reduction by air pollutant control investment in Beijing based on remote sensing data

采用北京市环境监测中心35个站点的PM2.5监测数据及MODIS Terra的大气气溶胶光学厚度L3 C051产品数据,分季度建立北京市PM2.5历史浓度遥感估算模型.结合北京大气污染物(PM10、PM2.5、SO2、NO2)年均浓度数据,对北京市2001—2012年间用于工业废气污染治理投资累计额进行了效能分析.研究表明,北京市工业废气污染治理投资对于改善大气PM10、SO2、NO2均有显著贡献,但其对于大气PM2.5污染的治理效果并不明显.可能原因包括PM2.5排放源的复杂性、相关治理措施对PM2.5的针对性、经济增长导致的区域PM2.5源排放持续增长及区域外排放的持续影响等.因此,需要采取专门的有针对性的治理措施,建立健全大气污染治理技术和激励机制,控制工业燃煤及城市交通排放,削减本地及周边源排放,以有效改善北京地区大气PM2.5污染状况.

The historical PM2. 5 concentrations were estimated by the seasonal regression models based on MODIS L3 C051 Atmospheric Product and PM2. 5monitoring data collected from 35 sites in Beijing. Performance of the accumulated investment in the treatment of industrial atmospheric pollution was further analyzed according to annual concentrations of PM2. 5and other atmospheric pollutants( PM10,SO2 and NO2) during 2001—2012. It was found that the accumulated investment in the treatment of industrial atmospheric pollution resulted in significant decrease of annual concentration of atmospheric PM10,SO2 and NO2,with exception of PM2. 5. The possible reasons could be the complexity of PM2. 5 emission sources,the effectiveness of PM2. 5 control measures and PM2. 5emission growth in Beijing and surrounding areas due to economic growth. Therefore,more effective and better oriented mitigation measures should be taken to control PM2. 5 concentration in Beijing,e. g. establishing the institutions for encouraging the technological renovation of air pollutants treatment,controlling the industrial coal use as well as traffic emissions and reducing emissions from local and regional sources.