石羊河流域水坝建设生态经济影响综合评价

Ecological and economic impact assessment of dam construction in Shiyang River Basin

客观评价水坝建设对区域生态、经济的影响问题,对于完善我国水利工程环境影响评价和促进水坝与生态系统的和谐发展具有重要意义.本研究根据水坝对干旱内陆河流域生态、经济影响的特点,建立了评价指标体系,对石羊河流域水坝修建初(20世纪60—70年代)和水坝运行40年后(2000—2010年)生态、经济状况进行对比评估.结果表明:1植被和水资源指数在水坝建设生态影响评价指标中具有非常重要的作用,生物丰富度指数、水网密度指数和地表水空间分布在指标层各评价因子中占据最高权重.2流域水坝建设使得区域社会经济指数有较大提高,而自然规律、生物资源和人居环境则均有不同程度的降低,反映出水坝建设对区域生态经济的促进是建立在不断消耗自然资源基础之上的,也就是说经济增长是以区域的生态环境逐步恶化为前提的,缺少生态可持续性.

Objective evaluation of ecological and economic impacts of the dam plays an important role in improving the environmental impact assessment of water conservancy and promoting the harmonious development of the dam and the ecosystem. In this study,according to the environmental impact characteristics of dams in arid inland river basin,we established an evaluation system,and made an comparative assessment of the ecological environment from 60s—70s to 2000—2010 when the dams run for 40 years. The results showed that: 1 Vegetation and water index played an important role in dam ecological impact evaluation system,and biological richness,water network density index and spatial distribution of surface water accounted for the highest weight in different evaluation layers. 2 Although watershed dam construction promoted regional socio-economic indices greatly,the natural order,biological resources and living environment were all reduced in varying degrees. This reflected that the increase of regional ecological economy was achieved on continuous consumption of the natural resource and gradual deterioration of ecological environment,lacking of ecological sustainability.