先秦兩大文化系統視域下的古史書寫——以《左傳》《國語》所載古史爲中心的考察

The writing of ancient history under the view of two culture systems during Pre-Qin Period—with Zuozhuanand Guoyuas the centre

《左傳》《國語》中徵引了大量西周之前的古史傳説。《左傳》《國語》對古史的徵引具有以下特點:涉及大量上古帝王事迹,並已初步構擬出較爲完備的古史體系;出現夏、商、周連稱或虞、夏、商、周連稱的現象;引用古史的目的多種多樣,方式也十分靈活。《左傳》《國語》中的古史徵引活動具有鮮明的地域特色,即中原黄河流域的諸侯國具有一套不同於南方長江流域的古帝先王系統。支撑這兩種不同先王系統的分别是中原地區的社稷守文化與長江流域的山川守文化。自夏、商以來,北方黄河流域的古國爲了掠奪銅礦資源,不斷南下長江流域。在與南方部族、古國衝突的過程中,促進了南北兩大文化系統的交流與融合。

Zuozhuan and Guoyu recorded some ancient legend happened before the Western Zhou Dynasty.Zuozhuan and Guoyu have three characteristics in citing ancient legend:a lot of ancient legend had effects on the ancient emperors,and identified a more detailed system about ancient emperors;Xia Shang Zhou or Yu Xia Shang Zhou had been stated in a row;the purpose of citing ancient legend were various and the way of citing ancient legend were very flexible.Recording ancient legend in Zuozhuan and Guoyualso had obvious regional characteristics.The vassal states in the Yellow River basin had different emperor system from the vassal states in the Yangtze River basin.This two kinds of emperor systems’backgrounds were state culture and nature culture respectively.After Xia and Shang,the vassal states in the Yellow River basin continuously went south to plunder copper mine.North culture and south culture communicated with each other in this course.