天文氣象神怪考論

An Investigation into the Chinese Gods and Monsters of Astrononmy and Meteorology

自古以來,我們的祖先就有神靈崇拜,天文氣象神靈崇拜就是其一。諸如霜神、霧神、霞神、雪神、雹神、虹怪、雲神、風神、雨神、掃晴娘、旱魃、雷神、電神等,花樣繁多。它們給人們的生産、生活帶來的灾難和破壞,引起人們的畏懼和憎惡;它們給人們的生産、生活帶來的滋養和化育,引起人們的感戴和崇拜。它們的形象或與動物有關,或與歷史人物及傳説人物有關;它們産生和流傳,或與人們的生活、文化、信仰有關。這些天文氣象神靈崇拜,大多已經成爲歷史的陳迹,但在歷史文獻或民俗傳説中還留有它們的身影。本文對這些天文氣象神怪都有比較詳細的闡述,對它們産生的歷史年代、它們各種不同的形貌、它們各種不同的名字稱呼、各個時代人們對它們的不同態度、它們對各個時代不同人們的不同影響等,也有比較詳細的考論。

Since ancient times,our ancestors have worshipped numerious Chinese gods,among which there are frost god,mist god,Xia god,snow god,hail god,rainbow monster,cloud god,wind god,rain god,sweep clear mother,dry god,thunder god,electric god and so on.They bring disaster and destruction to people’s production and life,causing people’s fear and hatred;they bring nourishment and nurturing to people’s production and life,causing people’s gratitude and worship.Their images come from to animals,historical figures and legendary figures;they are produced and spread,because people related them to their lives,culture and beliefs.Although most of these worship of astronomical and meteorological gods have outmoded,they still remain in historical documents or folklore.This paper demonstrates a more detailed exposition of the history of the generation of these gods,their various shapes,their different names,people’s different attitudes towards them in different times,their different impact on people in different times and so on with a more detailed textual research.