印染污泥脱水车间大气颗粒物中多环芳烃污染特征及源解析

Pollution characteristics and source apportionment of PAHs bound to atmospheric particulate matter in a printing and dyeing sludge dewatering plant

目的分析印染污泥脱水车间大气颗粒物(PM10、PM2.5)中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征及可能来源,为车间工作人员身体健康及污染治理提供依据。方法于2017年8月(夏季)和11月(冬季)分别采集广州市某印染污泥脱水车间和一般办公车间(背景点)的室内PM10、PM2.5样品,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪检测样品中16种PAHs质量浓度,并用特征比值法进行污染源判定。结果印染污泥脱水车间的PM10、PM2.5中总PAHs浓度范围为25.03~150.76 ng/m3,且总PAHs浓度为秋季高于夏季。污泥脱水车间主要以2~3环为主,占总PAHs质量浓度的30%~41%。特征比值法显示,机动车尾气及燃煤排放为其主要污染源。以大气中苯并[a]芘为标准参考物,污泥脱水车间夏秋季PM2.5、PM10中日平均总PAHs毒性当量浓度为2.2~13.7 ng/m3。结论污泥脱水车间大气颗粒物中存在PAHs污染,应加强检测并采取相应防护措施。

Objective To know the pollution characteristics and sources of PAHs in atmospheric particulate matter(PM10 and PM2.5)of a printing and dyeing sludge dewatering plant and to provide the basis for developing the prevention and control measures.Methods Atmospheric particulate matter were collected in printing and dyeing sludge dewatering plant and general office of Guangzhou in August(summer)and November(autumn)2017,then the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GCMS)were used to determine the concentrations of PAHs in PM10 and PM2.5 samples and ratio method was used to identify source of PAHs.Results The total concentrations of the PAHs in PM10 and PM2.5 were 25.03-150.76 ng/m3,which were higher in autumn compared with summer.The proportions of the PAHs with 2-3 rings,dominant in dewatering plant were 30%-41%.The PAHs in atmospheric particulate matter were mainly from vehicle exhaust and coal combustion.The daily mean values of total toxicity equivalent concentration were 2.2-13.7 ng/m3.Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of PAHs in atmospheric particulates matter in the sludge dewatering workshop and take corresponding preventive measures.