全国疾病预防控制机构水质检测能力的聚类分析

Cluster analysis on water quality detection capability of centers for disease control and prevention in China

目的分析全国各级疾病预防控制机构对生活饮用水卫生标准中106项水质指标的检测能力,为促进疾病预防控制机构水质检测能力建设工作提供参考。方法收集2014年全国各级疾病预防控制机构水质检测能力数据,采用系统聚类方法,以生活饮用水卫生标准中各类型指标的检测能力为变量,对各级机构进行聚类,并分析检测能力特征。结果省和省会城市、地市级疾病预防控制机构按检测能力均聚类为3类,县(区)级聚类为5类;省和省会城市机构1、2、3类所占比例分别为77.4%、9.4%和13.2%,常规指标平均检测能力分别为42项、41项和34项,非常规指标平均检测能力分别为62项、40项和7项;地市级机构1、2、3类所占比例分别为34.6%、25.8%和39.6%,常规指标平均检测能力分别为41项、39项和34项,非常规指标平均检测能力分别为55项、26项和3项;县(区)级机构1~5类所占比例分别为2.7%、11.3%、32.1%、39.2%和14.8%,常规指标平均检测能力分别为39项、37项、35项、27项和4项;华北、西南和西北地区各级机构的水质检测能力较弱;各级机构毒理学指标的检测能力水平均有待提升;检测能力缺失的主要原因是缺少仪器设备和标准品。结论我国各级疾病预防控制机构水质检测能力建设有待进一步加强,尤其需要注重省和省会城市机构非常规指标、地市级和县(区)级机构常规指标检测能力的建设,以及增强对华北、西南和西北地区县(区)级疾病预防控制机构仪器设备配置、标准品购买以及人员培训方面的投入。

Objective To understand the drinking water quality detection capability of the centers for disease control and prevention(CDCs)at different levels in China according to standards for drinking water quality and provide reference for the improvement of detection capability.Methods CDCs were clustered based on the detection capability for various types of water quality indexes in national standards for drinking water quality from national investigation among CDCs in 2014 by hierarchical cluster,the characteristics of which were also described.Results CDCs both in provincial and provincial capital level were classified into the 1 st,2 nd,3 rd clusters,the percentages of which were 77.4%,9.4%,13.2%,with the average detection capability of 41,42,34 conventional items and 62,40,7 unconventional items respectively;CDCs in prefectural level were classified into the 1 st,2 nd,3 rd clusters,the percentages of which were 34.6%,25.8%,39.6%,with the average detection capability of 41,39,34 conventional items and 55,26,3 unconventional items respectively;CDCs in county(district)level were classified into the 1 st,2 nd,3 rd,4 th,5 th clusters,the percentages of which were 2.7%,11.3%,32.1%,39.2%,14.8%,with the average detection capability of 39,37,35,27,4 conventional items respectively.There were more CDCs needed improved detection capability in north,southwest and northwest regions in China.CDCs in all levels had lower capability in detecting toxicological indicators dew to lack of equipments and standard materials.Conclusion The detection capability of drinking water quality need to be further strengthened in CDCs at different levels in China,especially in CDCs at provincial and provincial capital levels for the unconventional indicators,and in CDCs at prefecture-level and county(district)levels for the conventional indicators.The investments for instruments and equipment configuration,purchase of standard materials and personnel training need to be further strengthened also in CDCs in north,southwest and northwest in China.